China has ceded more than 1,942 square kilometres to Pakistan and Pakistan to recognize Chinese sovereignty over hundreds of square kilometres of land in northern Kashmir and Ladakh. [2] [3] The agreement is not recognized as legal by India, which also claims the sovereignty of a part of the country. In addition to rising tensions with India, the agreement has shifted the balance of the Cold War by bringing Pakistan and China closer together, while easing relations between Pakistan and the United States. After Pakistan voted to give China a seat at the United Nations, the Chinese withdrew the controversial cards in January 1962 and agreed to begin border talks in March. The willingness of the Chinese to accede to the agreement was welcomed by the Pakistani people. Negotiations between the nations officially began on 13 October 1962 and resulted in the signing of an agreement on 2 March 1963. [1] It was signed by Foreign Minister Chen Yi for the Chinese and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto for the Pakistanis. Pakistan had expressed some reservations, with Chinese maps showing parts of Pakistan on their side. Ayub Khan asked for clarification, but no response was received. After Pakistan`s vote to place a seat of China on the UN Security Council, the Chinese withdrew their cards in January 1962 and agreed to start discussions on the subject. Pakistan has welcomed its willingness to reach an agreement. Talks between the two sides officially began on 13 October 1962 and resulted in an agreement signed on 2 March 1963 by Foreign Ministers Chen Yi and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto of China and Pakistan respectively. As a result, China withdrew from the disputed area following a complaint by Pakistan.
It demonstrated the aspirations of the people of both countries for the growth of friendly and fraternal relations that, in the years to come, had to play an aiding role in ensuring world peace. During this period, China was the subject of controversy with India over the eastern border of Kashmir, with India resold the previously demarcated border and claiming that such delimitations had never taken place. In their agreement, Pakistan and China acknowledged that the border had not been demarcated or demarcated, which supported the Chinese position. [6] The Republic of China, based in Taiwan and generally known as Taiwan, does not recognize changes in Chinese territory based on border agreements signed by the People`s Republic of China with other countries, including Taiwan, in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of China and its amendments. Pakistan does not recognize the ROC as a state. [11] For Pakistan, which had border disputes on its eastern and western borders, the agreement facilitated the agreement by securing its northern border from any future competition. The treaty also provided for a clear demarcation of the border with Pakistan, which would continue to serve as a border, even after the settlement of the Kashmir dispute. [6] According to Jane`s International Defence Assessment, the agreement was also important during the Cold War, as Pakistan had ties to the United States and membership in the Central Treaty Organization and the South Asian Treaty Organization. [7] The agreement was part of a general strengthening of the Pakistan Association, which led to the secession of Pakistan from the United States. [7] [9] After the delimitation of the borders, the two countries also concluded agreements on trade and air travel, the latter of which was China`s first international agreement with a non-communist country.
[10] The agreement was therefore of the utmost importance, as it is the history of bilateral relations between the two states.